Venezuela's Other Government: The Armed Groups in Control

In many parts of Venezuela, the state is not in charge. Instead, a complex network of armed groups holds power. These groups range from local street gangs and paramilitary "colectivos" to sophisticated Colombian guerrilla factions. They operate across large sections of the country. Experts say these organizations control territory, impose their own rules, and run illicit economies. Their activities include drug trafficking, illegal mining, and extortion. This situation creates a parallel system of authority. Residents often must deal with these groups, not the police, for security or permission to do business. The government has denied it cedes control to non-state actors. However, the continued presence of these armed factions reveals a fragmented landscape of power in Venezuela.