Ultra-Orthodox Jews refuse military service and don't learn math — yet they could decide Israel's election

A fast-growing community that avoids military service and often skips core school subjects is becoming a decisive force in Israeli politics. Critics warn the trend threatens the country's economy and future. Israel's ultra-Orthodox, or Haredi, community largely refuses compulsory military service. Many Haredi schools also do not teach core subjects such as math and English, focusing instead on religious study. The community is growing quickly and voting as a bloc, giving it growing power in national elections. That makes Haredi parties key partners in forming any government. One activist warns the situation is dangerous. "This is leading us toward Israel's destruction," the activist said, pointing to the economic burden of a large population outside the workforce and the military. Supporters of the community reject such criticism. They say religious study protects Jewish identity and that their way of life deserves respect. The debate now sits at the center of Israeli politics, as parties court Haredi voters and argue over whether the community's exemptions can continue.