China Seeks Nuclear Transparency, But Key Questions Remain Unanswered

China has released a new policy document that avoids explaining the significant growth of its nuclear arsenal. The government’s latest defense white paper, titled “China’s National Defense in the New Era,” does not address the reasons behind its nuclear expansion. The document instead reaffirms China’s long-standing nuclear policy. It states China will only ever use nuclear weapons in retaliation against a nuclear strike. The paper also repeats China’s pledge never to use nuclear arms against non-nuclear states. International analysts have noted a rapid increase in China’s nuclear capabilities in recent years. This includes building more missile silos and testing advanced hypersonic weapons. The white paper does not discuss the scale, pace, or strategic rationale for this modernization. The omission leaves a central question for global security unanswered. Allied governments and arms control experts continue to seek clarity on China’s nuclear intentions as its arsenal grows.